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The IP-PBX system begins by transmit calls over the Internet. Data are transferred in data packet over the network. When the data are received at the recipient’s site, it will be translated into traditional calling format which are then connected through standard phone lines. IP-PBX system come with standard telephone feature, where additional features can be added when needed as the organisation grows.

 

A basic IP-PBX system will include an IP-PBX server, SIP or VoIP phones and a VoIP gateway. The IP-PBX server has a similar function of a proxy server. The SIP or VoIP phones can be hardware phone or soft phones. A softphone is software that allows user to talk through VoIP and has interface which allow user to dial numbers on the screen.

 

The most important part of the system is the IP-PBX server. VoIP clients will register SIP addresses with the IP-PBX server using Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) system. This system maintains a database of the clients and their addresses.

 

When user makes a call, the server will determine whether it’s an internal or external call. Internal calls will directed to the SIP address of the phone while external calls will be directed to VoIP gateway. The organisation may use its own VoIP gateway or use their service provider’s gateway to link IP system with the PSTN. The VoIP gateway then connects to either analogue or digital lines.